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laws : laws civill: civill Complete text of 61128549:And because all Rules of life, which men are in conscience bound to observe, are laws ; the question of the Scripture, is the question of what is Law throughout all Christendome, both Naturall, and civill Complete text of 61128711:At which time, though ambition had so far prevailed on the great Doctors of the Church, as no more to esteem Emperours, though Christian, for the Shepherds of the people, but for Sheep; and Emperours not Christian, for Wolves; and endeavoured to passe their Doctrine, not for Counsell, and Information, as Preachers; but for laws , as absolute Governours; and thought such frauds as tended to make the people the more obedient to Christian Doctrine, to be pious; yet I am perswaded they did not therefore falsifie the Scriptures, though the copies of the Books of the New Testament, were in the hands only of the Ecclesiasticks; because if they had had an intention so to doe, they would surely have made them more favorable to their power over Christian Princes, and civill Soveraignty, than they are Complete text of 61129032:In short, the Kingdome of God is a civill Kingdome; which consisted, first in the obligation of the people of Israel to those laws , which Moses should bring unto them from Mount Sinai; and which afterwards the High Priest of the time being, should deliver to them from before the Cherubins in the Sanctum Sanctorum; and which kingdome having been cast off, in the election of Saul, the Prophets foretold, should be restored by Christ; and the Restauration whereof we daily pray for, when we say in the Lords Prayer, "Thy Kingdome come;" and the Right whereof we acknowledge, when we adde, "For thine is the Kingdome, the Power, and Glory, for ever and ever, Amen;" and the Proclaiming whereof, was the Preaching of the Apostles; and to which men are prepared, by the Teachers of the Gospel; to embrace which Gospel, (that is to say, to promise obedience to Gods government) is, to bee in the Kingdome of Grace, because God hath gratis given to such the power to bee the subjects (that is, Children) of God hereafter, when Christ shall come in Majesty to judge the world, and actually to govern his owne people, which is called the Kingdome of Glory Complete text of 61129421:For when Christian men, take not their Christian Soveraign, for Gods Prophet; they must either take their owne Dreams, for the prophecy they mean to bee governed by, and the tumour of their own hearts for the Spirit of God; or they must suffer themselves to bee lead by some strange Prince; or by some of their fellow subjects, that can bewitch them, by slander of the government, into rebellion, without other miracle to confirm their calling, then sometimes an extraordinary successe, and Impunity; and by this means destroying all laws , both divine, and humane, reduce all Order, Government, and Society, to the first Chaos of Violence, and civill warre Complete text of 61130126:Therefore the Ministers of Christ in this world, have no Power by that title, to Punish any man for not Beleeving, or for Contradicting what they say; they have I say no Power by that title of Christs Ministers, to Punish such: but if they have Soveraign Civill Power, by politick institution, then they may indeed lawfully Punish any Contradiction to their laws whatsoever: And St Complete text of 61130179:He, that to maintain every doctrine which he himself draweth out of the History of our Saviours life, and of the Acts, or Epistles of the Apostles; or which he beleeveth upon the authority of a private man, wil oppose the laws and Authority of the civill State, is very far from being a Martyr of Christ, or a Martyr of his Martyrs Complete text of 61130406:Whether these laws were then written, or not written, but dictated to the People by Moses (after his forty dayes being with God in the Mount) by word of mouth, is not expressed in the Text; but they were all positive laws , and equivalent to holy Scripture, and made Canonicall by Moses the civill Soveraign Complete text of 61130440:Now seeing Esdras was the High Priest, and the High Priest was their civill Soveraigne, it is manifest, that the Scriptures were never made laws , but by the Soveraign civill Power Complete text of 61130458:They had not in Commission to make laws ; but to obey, and teach obedience to laws made; and consequently they could not make their Writings obligatory Canons, without the help of the Soveraign civill Power Complete text of 61130473:And those laws were the laws of Nature, and the civill laws of the State, whereto every Christian man had by pact submitted himself Complete text of 61130483:Seeing then the Acts of Councell of the Apostles, were then no laws , but Councells; much lesse are laws the Acts of any other Doctors, or Councells since, if assembled without the Authority of the civill Soveraign Complete text of 61130639:By the whole Congregation it could not be, because their Acts were then no Laws: Therefore the maintenance of Pastors, before Emperours and civill Soveraigns had made laws to settle it, was nothing but Benevolence Complete text of 61130641:In what court should they sue for it, who had no Tribunalls? Or if they had Arbitrators amongst themselves, who should execute their Judgments, when they had no power to arme their Officers? It remaineth therefore, that there could be no certaine maintenance assigned to any Pastors of the Church, but by the whole Congregation; and then onely, when their Decrees should have the force (not onely of Canons, but also) of laws ; which laws could not be made, but by Emperours, Kings, or other civill Soveraignes Complete text of 61130644:Excommunication, that is to say, in those places where Christianity was forbidden by the civill laws , a putting of themselves out of the company of the Excommunicate, and where Christianity was by the civill Law commanded, a putting the Excommunicate out of the Congregations of Christians; who elected the Pastors and Ministers of the Church, (that it was, the Congregation); who consecrated and blessed them, (that it was the Pastor); what was their due revenue, (that it was none but their own possessions, and their own labour, and the voluntary contributions of devout and gratefull Christians) Complete text of 61130649:For it is evident to the meanest capacity, that mens actions are derived from the opinions they have of the Good, or Evill, which from those actions redound unto themselves; and consequently, men that are once possessed of an opinion, that their obedience to the Soveraign Power, will bee more hurtfull to them, than their disobedience, will disobey the laws , and thereby overthrow the Common-wealth, and introduce confusion, and civill war; for the avoiding whereof, all civill Government was ordained Complete text of 61130768:The civill Soveraigne If A Christian, Is Head Of The Church In His Own Dominions From this consolidation of the Right Politique, and Ecclesiastique in Christian Soveraigns, it is evident, they have all manner of Power over their Subjects, that can be given to man, for the government of mens externall actions, both in Policy, and Religion; and may make such Laws, as themselves shall judge fittest, for the government of their own Subjects, both as they are the Common-wealth, and as they are the Church: for both State, and Church are the same men Complete text of 61130771:It is the civill Soveraign, that is to appoint Judges, and Interpreters of the Canonicall Scriptures; for it is he that maketh them Laws Complete text of 61130912:For the civill Soveraignty, and supreme Judicature in controversies of Manners, are the same thing: And the Makers of civill laws , are not onely Declarers, but also Makers of the justice, and injustice of actions; there being nothing in mens Manners that makes them righteous, or unrighteous, but their conformity with the Law of the Soveraign Complete text of 61130987:He cannot oblige men to beleeve; though as a civill Soveraign he may make laws suitable to his Doctrine, which may oblige men to certain actions, and sometimes to such as they would not otherwise do, and which he ought not to command; and yet when they are commanded, they are laws ; and the externall actions done in obedience to them, without the inward approbation, are the actions of the Soveraign, and not of the Subject, which is in that case but as an instrument, without any motion of his owne at all; because God hath commanded to obey them Complete text of 61131021:The Commands of civill Soveraigns are on all sides granted to be laws : if any else can make a Law besides himselfe, all Common-wealth, and consequently all Peace, and Justice must cease; which is contrary to all laws , both Divine and Humane Complete text of 61131022:Nothing therefore can be drawn from these, or any other places of Scripture, to prove the Decrees of the Pope, where he has not also the civill Soveraignty, to be Laws Complete text of 61131033:For Jurisdiction is the Power of hearing and determining Causes between man and man; and can belong to none, but him that hath the Power to prescribe the Rules of Right and Wrong; that is, to make laws ; and with the Sword of Justice to compell men to obey his Decisions, pronounced either by himself, or by the Judges he ordaineth thereunto; which none can lawfully do, but the civill Soveraign Complete text of 61131192:The laws of God therefore are none but the laws of Nature, whereof the principall is, that we should not violate our Faith, that is, a commandement to obey our civill Soveraigns, which wee constituted over us, by mutuall pact one with another Complete text of 61131384:And because he is a Soveraign, he requireth Obedience to all his owne, that is, to all the Civill laws ; in which also are contained all the laws of Nature, that is, all the laws of God: for besides the laws of Nature, and the laws of the Church, which are part of the civill Law, (for the Church that can make laws is the Common-wealth,) there bee no other laws Divine Complete text of 61131393:Or Infidel And when the civill Soveraign is an Infidel, every one of his own Subjects that resisteth him, sinneth against the laws of God (for such as are the laws of Nature,) and rejecteth the counsell of the Apostles, that admonisheth all Christians to obey their Princes, and all Children and Servants to obey they Parents, and Masters, in all things Complete text of 61131451:From the same mistaking of the present Church for the Kingdom of God, came in the distinction betweene the civill and the Canon laws : The civil Law being the acts of Soveraigns in their own Dominions, and the Canon Law being the Acts of the Pope in the same Dominions Complete text of 61131999:And yet is this Doctrine still practised; and men judge the Goodnesse, or Wickednesse of their own, and of other mens actions, and of the actions of the Common-wealth it selfe, by their own Passions; and no man calleth Good or Evill, but that which is so in his own eyes, without any regard at all to the Publique laws ; except onely Monks, and Friers, that are bound by Vow to that simple obedience to their Superiour, to which every Subject ought to think himself bound by the Law of Nature to the civill Soveraign Complete text of 61132012:And that which offendeth the People, is no other thing, but that they are governed, not as every one of them would himselfe, but as the Publique Representant, be it one Man, or an Assembly of men thinks fit; that is, by an Arbitrary government: for which they give evill names to their Superiors; never knowing (till perhaps a little after a civill warre) that without such Arbitrary government, such Warre must be perpetuall; and that it is Men, and Arms, not Words, and Promises, that make the Force and Power of the laws Complete text of 61132015:laws Over The Conscience There is another Errour in their civill Philosophy (which they never learned of Aristotle, nor Cicero, nor any other of the Heathen,) to extend the power of the Law, which is the Rule of Actions onely, to the very Thoughts, and Consciences of men, by Examination, and Inquisition of what they Hold, notwithstanding the Conformity of their Speech and Actions: By which, men are either punished for answering the truth of their thoughts, or constrained to answer an untruth for fear of punishment Complete text of 61132019:And are not the Scriptures, in all places where they are Law, made Law by the Authority of the Common-wealth, and consequently, a part of the Civill Law? Of the same kind it is also, when any but the Soveraign restraineth in any man that power which the Common-wealth hath not restrained: as they do, that impropriate the Preaching of the Gospell to one certain Order of men, where the laws have left it free Complete text of 61132041:Is it because they be contrary to the Religion established? Let them be silenced by the laws of those, to whom the Teachers of them are subject; that is, by the laws civill : For disobedience may lawfully be punished in them, that against the laws teach even true Philosophy Complete text of 61132062:Exemptions Of The Clergy Thirdly, the exemption of these, and of all other Priests, and of all Monkes, and Fryers, from the Power of the civill laws Complete text of 61132063:For by this means, there is a great part of every Common-wealth, that enjoy the benefit of the laws , and are protected by the Power of the civill State, which neverthelesse pay no part of the Publique expence; nor are lyable to the penalties, as other Subjects, due to their crimes; and consequently, stand not in fear of any man, but the Pope; and adhere to him onely, to uphold his universall Monarchy Complete text of 61132070:Canonization Of Saints, And Declaring Of Martyrs Eighthly, by the Canonization of Saints, and declaring who are Martyrs, they assure their Power, in that they induce simple men into an obstinacy against the laws and Commands of their civill Soveraigns even to death, if by the Popes excommunication, they be declared Heretiques or Enemies to the Church; that is, (as they interpret it,) to the Pope Complete text of 61132142:And because I find by divers English Books lately printed, that the Civill warres have not yet sufficiently taught men, in what point of time it is, that a Subject becomes obliged to the Conquerour; nor what is Conquest; nor how it comes about, that it obliges men to obey his Laws: Therefore for farther satisfaction of men therein, I say, the point of time, wherein a man becomes subject of a Conquerour, is that point, wherein having liberty to submit to him, he consenteth, either by expresse words, or by other sufficient sign, to be his Subject Complete text of 61132232:And thus I have brought to an end my Discourse of civill and Ecclesiasticall Government, occasioned by the disorders of the present time, without partiality, without application, and without other designe, than to set before mens eyes the mutuall Relation between Protection and Obedience; of which the condition of Humane Nature, and the laws Divine, (both Naturall and Positive) require an inviolable observation |